UNESCO IHP-VIII (2014-2021) placed water security at the heart of its eight phase defining it as “the capacity of a population to safeguard access to adequate quantities of water of acceptable quality for sustaining human and ecosystem health on a watershed basis, and to ensure efficient protection of life and property against water related hazards — floods, landslides, land subsidence,) and droughts”. Moreover, the frequency and intensity of hydrological extremes such as drought and flood are predicted with medium confidence to increase in the 21st century with great impacts on key sectors linked with water, food, energy and health security and they are addressed by the International Flood Initiative and International Drought Initiative. This session will discuss the progress on hydrological non conventional modeling including neural network, system dynamics, data mining, using GIS, remote sensing and related data acquisition including optical, thermal and acoustic sensors and how they contribute to adaptation measures and to increase resilience of societies for sustainable development.